From 341308c0714028484c4e1ae828c82e8d72ebf2e0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Anton=20Luka=20=C5=A0ijanec?= Date: Thu, 15 Dec 2022 00:38:24 +0100 Subject: fizvaje56 --- fiz/vaje/5/.gitignore | 1 + fiz/vaje/5/dokument.lyx | 952 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ fiz/vaje/5/meritev.py | 14 + fiz/vaje/5/meritev.tsv | 12 + fiz/vaje/6/.gitignore | 1 + fiz/vaje/6/absolutna.tsv | 656 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ fiz/vaje/6/boy.py | 8 + fiz/vaje/6/boy.tsv | 14 + fiz/vaje/6/dokument.lyx | 1003 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 9 files changed, 2661 insertions(+) create mode 100644 fiz/vaje/5/.gitignore create mode 100644 fiz/vaje/5/dokument.lyx create mode 100755 fiz/vaje/5/meritev.py create mode 100644 fiz/vaje/5/meritev.tsv create mode 100644 fiz/vaje/6/.gitignore create mode 100644 fiz/vaje/6/absolutna.tsv create mode 100755 fiz/vaje/6/boy.py create mode 100644 fiz/vaje/6/boy.tsv create mode 100644 fiz/vaje/6/dokument.lyx (limited to 'fiz') diff --git a/fiz/vaje/5/.gitignore b/fiz/vaje/5/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000..557a91a --- /dev/null +++ b/fiz/vaje/5/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +podatki.tsv diff --git a/fiz/vaje/5/dokument.lyx b/fiz/vaje/5/dokument.lyx new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eeb36ac --- /dev/null +++ b/fiz/vaje/5/dokument.lyx @@ -0,0 +1,952 @@ +#LyX 2.3 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/ +\lyxformat 544 +\begin_document +\begin_header +\save_transient_properties true +\origin unavailable +\textclass article +\begin_preamble +\usepackage{siunitx} +\usepackage{pgfplots} +\usepackage{listings} +\usepackage{multicol} +\sisetup{output-decimal-marker = {,}, quotient-mode=fraction, output-exponent-marker=\ensuremath{\mathrm{3}}} +\end_preamble +\use_default_options true +\maintain_unincluded_children false +\language slovene +\language_package default +\inputencoding auto +\fontencoding global +\font_roman "default" "default" +\font_sans "default" "default" +\font_typewriter "default" "default" +\font_math "auto" "auto" +\font_default_family default +\use_non_tex_fonts false +\font_sc false +\font_osf false +\font_sf_scale 100 100 +\font_tt_scale 100 100 +\use_microtype false +\use_dash_ligatures true +\graphics default +\default_output_format default +\output_sync 0 +\bibtex_command default +\index_command default +\paperfontsize default +\spacing single +\use_hyperref false +\papersize default +\use_geometry true +\use_package amsmath 1 +\use_package amssymb 1 +\use_package cancel 1 +\use_package esint 1 +\use_package mathdots 1 +\use_package mathtools 1 +\use_package mhchem 1 +\use_package stackrel 1 +\use_package stmaryrd 1 +\use_package undertilde 1 +\cite_engine basic +\cite_engine_type default +\biblio_style plain +\use_bibtopic false +\use_indices false +\paperorientation portrait +\suppress_date false +\justification false +\use_refstyle 1 +\use_minted 0 +\index Index +\shortcut idx +\color #008000 +\end_index +\leftmargin 1cm +\topmargin 2cm +\rightmargin 1cm +\bottommargin 2cm +\headheight 1cm +\headsep 1cm +\footskip 1cm +\secnumdepth 3 +\tocdepth 3 +\paragraph_separation indent +\paragraph_indentation default +\is_math_indent 0 +\math_numbering_side default +\quotes_style german +\dynamic_quotes 0 +\papercolumns 1 +\papersides 1 +\paperpagestyle default +\tracking_changes false +\output_changes false +\html_math_output 0 +\html_css_as_file 0 +\html_be_strict false +\end_header + +\begin_body + +\begin_layout Title +Centripetalni pospešek +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Author + +\noun on +Anton Luka Šijanec +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Date +14. + december 2022 +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Abstract +Poročilo pete vaje pri predmetu +\noun on +F41 +\noun default + na Gimnaziji Bežigrad v 4. + letniku. + Vaja je potekala 10. + novembra 2022. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset CommandInset toc +LatexCommand tableofcontents + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Section +Potrebna oprema +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +kos plastične cevi +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +vrvica +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +zamašek z luknjico +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +štoparica +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +ravnilo +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +tehtnica +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +uteži +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Section +Cilj naloge +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +S poskusom preveriti veljavnost drugega Newtonovega zakona za kroženje. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Section +Potek meritve +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Izmeri maso uteži in maso zamaška. +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +m_{\text{{uteži}}}=\SI{30,5}{\gram} +\] + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +m_{\text{zamaška}}=\SI{3,5}{\gram} +\] + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Primi za cev in jo vrti tako, da zamašek kroži v vodoravni ravnini s stalno + hitrostjo. + Pri tem pazi, da je razdalja od vrha cevi do zamaška ves čas enaka izbranemnu + polmeru. + Izmeri čas desetih obhodnih časov. + Meritev ponovi za deset različnih polmerov. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Float table +placement H +wide false +sideways false +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\align center +\begin_inset Tabular + + + + + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $r\left[\si{\meter}\right]$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $t_{10}\left[\si{\second}\right]$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $t\left[\si{\second}\right]$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $a_{r}\left[\si{\meter\per\second\squared}\right]$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,15 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +2,55 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,255 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +91,069014 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,3 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +3,55 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,355 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +93,977586 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,47 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +5,32 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,532 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +65,559303 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,43 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +4,08 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,408 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +101,978323 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,33 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +3,87 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,387 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +86,986478 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,23 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +2,6 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,206 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +134,320060 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,45 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +4,21 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,421 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +100,232384 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,2 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +3,012 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,3012 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +87,032167 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,29 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +2,98 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,298 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +128,921457 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,4 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +3,62 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,362 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +120,504312 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,4 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +4,21 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,421 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +89,095452 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Caption Standard + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Meritve +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Section +Naloge +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Za vsako meritev določi obhodni čas in izračunaj centripetalni pospešek. + Določi povprečni pospešek in njegovo napako. +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\overline{a_{r}}=\SI{99,970594}{\meter\per\second\text{\squared}} +\] + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +\sigma_{a_{r}}=\SI{20,487365}{\meter\per\second\squared} +\] + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Centripetalni pospešek izračunaj tudi iz mas zamaška in uteži. + Ali se dobljena rezultata ustrezno ujemata? +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +a_{r}=\frac{{F_{c}=gm_{\text{{uteži}}}}}{m_{\text{{zamaška}}}}=\frac{\SI{9,81}{\meter\per\second\squared}\cdot\SI{0,0305}{\kilo\gram}=\SI{0,299205}{\newton}}{\SI{0,0035}{\kilo\gram}}=\SI{85,487}{\meter\per\second\squared} +\] + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + +Upoštevajoč napako merjenja se izračunana vrednost ustrezno ujema z izmerjeno. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Izpelji izraz, ki povezuje kvadrat nihajnega časa +\begin_inset Formula $t^{2}$ +\end_inset + + z radijem +\begin_inset Formula $r$ +\end_inset + +! +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +t^{2}=\frac{{4\pi^{2}r}}{a_{r}} +\] + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Nariši graf +\begin_inset Formula $t^{2}(r)$ +\end_inset + +. + Skozi narisane točke lahko narišemo premico skozi izhodišče. + Določi naklon te premice, pri tem pazi na enote rezultata! +\begin_inset Float figure +placement H +wide false +sideways false +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\align center +\begin_inset ERT +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +begin{tikzpicture} +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +begin{axis}[width=0.75 +\backslash +textwidth, scale only axis, ylabel=$t^2$, domain=0:0.5, ytick pos=left, samples=2 +56, xlabel=$r$, xtick pos=bottom] +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +addplot[only marks] table [x=r, y=tt] {podatki.tsv}; +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +addplot[green] (x, {x*(0.425193+0.02904)}); +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +addplot[green] (x, {x*(0.425193-0.02904)}); +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +addplot[red] (x, {x*(0.425193)}); +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +end{axis} +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +end{tikzpicture} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Caption Standard + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset CommandInset label +LatexCommand label +name "fig:graf" + +\end_inset + +Graf kvadrata nihajnega časa v odvisnosti od polmera. +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset ERT +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +begin{lstlisting} +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +fit (x*p) +\begin_inset Quotes gld +\end_inset + +podatki.tsv" using 2:6 via p +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +end{lstlisting} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +p=\SI{0,425193}{\second\squared\per\meter}\pm\SI{0,02904}{\second\squared\per\meter} +\] + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Naklon premice izrazi z maso zamaška in uteži in ga tako tudi izračunaj. +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +k=\frac{{t^{2}}}{r}=\frac{{4\pi^{2}}}{a_{r}}=\frac{{4\pi^{2}m_{\text{{uteži}}}}}{gm_{\text{{uteži}}}}=\SI{0,461805}{\second\squared\per\meter} +\] + +\end_inset + +Izračunana vrednost je izven standardne napake, vendar ne pretirano. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Section +Uporabljen program +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset ERT +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +lstinputlisting[language=Python]{meritev.py} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_body +\end_document diff --git a/fiz/vaje/5/meritev.py b/fiz/vaje/5/meritev.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..1c6859e --- /dev/null +++ b/fiz/vaje/5/meritev.py @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +#!/usr/bin/python3 +import pandas +import math +import sys +m=pandas.read_csv("meritev.tsv", sep='\t') +m.index.name = "idx" +m["t"] = (m["t10"]/10) +m["centripetalni"] = (4*math.pi**2*m["r"]/m["t"]**2) +m["tt"] = (m["t"]**2) +print("sredina:", file=sys.stderr) +print(m.mean(), file=sys.stderr) +print("standardna deviacija", file=sys.stderr) +print(m.std(), file=sys.stderr) +m.to_csv("/dev/stdout", sep="\t") diff --git a/fiz/vaje/5/meritev.tsv b/fiz/vaje/5/meritev.tsv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a7a199d --- /dev/null +++ b/fiz/vaje/5/meritev.tsv @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +r t10 +0.15 2.55 +0.3 3.55 +0.47 5.32 +0.43 4.08 +0.33 3.87 +0.23 2.6 +0.45 4.21 +0.2 3.012 +0.29 2.98 +0.4 3.62 +0.4 4.21 diff --git a/fiz/vaje/6/.gitignore b/fiz/vaje/6/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000..df272b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/fiz/vaje/6/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +boylov.tsv diff --git a/fiz/vaje/6/absolutna.tsv b/fiz/vaje/6/absolutna.tsv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..72ffb65 --- /dev/null +++ b/fiz/vaje/6/absolutna.tsv @@ -0,0 +1,656 @@ +t T p +0 17.0104699477 97.7530647215 +1 17.0119728981 97.7460359194 +2 17.0104699477 97.7565791225 +3 17.0104699477 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+646 89.2099364285 120.505297006 +647 89.2687978062 120.498268204 +648 89.2687978062 120.4842106 +649 89.3425150489 120.4842106 +650 89.3621994299 120.480696199 +651 89.4114592449 120.480696199 +652 89.465725863 120.477181798 +653 89.4904205696 120.477181798 +654 89.4706633995 120.477181798 diff --git a/fiz/vaje/6/boy.py b/fiz/vaje/6/boy.py new file mode 100755 index 0000000..928339c --- /dev/null +++ b/fiz/vaje/6/boy.py @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +#!/usr/bin/python3 +import pandas +import sys +import math +b=pandas.read_csv("/dev/stdin", sep="\t") +b.index.name = "idx" +b["iV"] = (1/b["V"]) +b.to_csv("/dev/stdout", sep="\t"); diff --git a/fiz/vaje/6/boy.tsv b/fiz/vaje/6/boy.tsv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8db556e --- /dev/null +++ b/fiz/vaje/6/boy.tsv @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +V p +4 105.354714155 +3 131.452656223 +2 176.180438165 +5 83.1788436393 +6 70.2212470322 +7 61.8007421581 +8 53.8827966317 +9 48.0278045114 +10 42.8862358007 +15 29.4225654448 +20 22.3937633797 +12 36.3881082914 +17 26.3263781351 diff --git a/fiz/vaje/6/dokument.lyx b/fiz/vaje/6/dokument.lyx new file mode 100644 index 0000000..72b4083 --- /dev/null +++ b/fiz/vaje/6/dokument.lyx @@ -0,0 +1,1003 @@ +#LyX 2.3 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/ +\lyxformat 544 +\begin_document +\begin_header +\save_transient_properties true +\origin unavailable +\textclass article +\begin_preamble +\usepackage{siunitx} +\usepackage{pgfplots} +\usepackage{listings} +\usepackage{multicol} +\sisetup{output-decimal-marker = {,}, quotient-mode=fraction, output-exponent-marker=\ensuremath{\mathrm{3}}} +\end_preamble +\use_default_options true +\maintain_unincluded_children false +\language slovene +\language_package default +\inputencoding auto +\fontencoding global +\font_roman "default" "default" +\font_sans "default" "default" +\font_typewriter "default" "default" +\font_math "auto" "auto" +\font_default_family default +\use_non_tex_fonts false +\font_sc false +\font_osf false +\font_sf_scale 100 100 +\font_tt_scale 100 100 +\use_microtype false +\use_dash_ligatures true +\graphics default +\default_output_format default +\output_sync 0 +\bibtex_command default +\index_command default +\paperfontsize default +\spacing single +\use_hyperref false +\papersize default +\use_geometry true +\use_package amsmath 1 +\use_package amssymb 1 +\use_package cancel 1 +\use_package esint 1 +\use_package mathdots 1 +\use_package mathtools 1 +\use_package mhchem 1 +\use_package stackrel 1 +\use_package stmaryrd 1 +\use_package undertilde 1 +\cite_engine basic +\cite_engine_type default +\biblio_style plain +\use_bibtopic false +\use_indices false +\paperorientation portrait +\suppress_date false +\justification false +\use_refstyle 1 +\use_minted 0 +\index Index +\shortcut idx +\color #008000 +\end_index +\leftmargin 1cm +\topmargin 2cm +\rightmargin 1cm +\bottommargin 2cm +\headheight 1cm +\headsep 1cm +\footskip 1cm +\secnumdepth 3 +\tocdepth 3 +\paragraph_separation indent +\paragraph_indentation default +\is_math_indent 0 +\math_numbering_side default +\quotes_style german +\dynamic_quotes 0 +\papercolumns 1 +\papersides 1 +\paperpagestyle default +\tracking_changes false +\output_changes false +\html_math_output 0 +\html_css_as_file 0 +\html_be_strict false +\end_header + +\begin_body + +\begin_layout Title +Plinski zakoni +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Author + +\noun on +Anton Luka Šijanec +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Date +14. + december 2022 +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Abstract +Poročilo šeste vaje pri predmetu +\noun on +F41 +\noun default + na Gimnaziji Bežigrad v 4. + letniku. + Vaja je potekala 10. + novembra 2022. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset CommandInset toc +LatexCommand tableofcontents + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Section +Uvod +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Tlak v plinu je odvisen od prostornine plina, njegove temperature in mase + plina. + Če opazujemo ves čas isto maso plina in poskrbimo, da je ena od preostalih + spremenljivk konstantna, lahko ugotovimo medsebojno odvisnost še zadnjih + dveh spremenljivk. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Section +Nalogi +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Boylov zakon +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Če ob konstantni temperaturi plina spreminjamo njegovo prostornino, se ob + tem spreminja tudi tlak plina. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsubsection +Navodilo +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Za dano maso plina v injekcijski brizgi ugotovi, kako je tlak odvisen od + njegove prostornine. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsubsection +Potrebščine +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +inkejcijska brizga +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +merilnik tlaka +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +računalniški vmesnik +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +program LoggerPro +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsubsection +Potek dela +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Prostornino zraka v brizgi nastavi na +\begin_inset Formula $\SI{4}{\milli\meter}$ +\end_inset + + in nato privij brizgo na merilnik tlaka. + Način merjenja v programu LoggerPro (Data Collection) nastavi na Events + with entry. + PAZI! Vse spremembe prostornine delaj počasi, da bo temperatura zraka v + brizgi ves čas čim bolj enaka. + Raztegni prostornino zraka v brizgi na +\begin_inset Formula $\SI{20}{\milli\meter}$ +\end_inset + +, začni z meritvijo (Start) in zabeleži prvo vrednost tlaka pri tej prostornini. + Zmanjšuj prostornino po +\begin_inset Formula $\SI{2}{\milli\liter}$ +\end_inset + + do +\begin_inset Formula $\SI{4}{\milli\liter}$ +\end_inset + + ter vsakič zabeleži tlak. + Po zabeleženi zadnji meritvi ne pozabi končati meritve (Stop). +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Float table +placement H +wide false +sideways false +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\align center +\begin_inset Tabular + + + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $V\left[\si{\milli\liter}\right]$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $p\left[\si{\kilo\pascal}\right]$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +4 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +105 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +3 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +131 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +2 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +176 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +5 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +83 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +6 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +70 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +7 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +61 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +8 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +53 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +9 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +48 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +10 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +42 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +15 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +29 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +20 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +22 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +12 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +36 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +17 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +26 +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + + + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Caption Standard + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Meritve za prvo nalogo +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Nariši graf +\begin_inset Formula $p(V)$ +\end_inset + + za celotno spremembo. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Kakšna je odvisnost? +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +pV=nRT=\text{{konstanta}} +\] + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Svoj odgovor na prejšnje vprašanje dokaži z linearizacijo grafa +\begin_inset Formula $p(V)$ +\end_inset + +. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Float figure +placement H +wide false +sideways false +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\align center +\begin_inset ERT +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +begin{tikzpicture} +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +begin{axis}[width=0.75 +\backslash +textwidth, scale only axis, ylabel=$p$, domain=0:180, ytick pos=left, samples=25 +6, xlabel=$V$, xtick pos=bottom, xmin=0, ymax=200, ymin=0] +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +addplot[only marks] table [x=V, y=p] {boylov.tsv}; +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +end{axis} +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +begin{axis}[width=0.75 +\backslash +textwidth, scale only axis, ylabel=$ +\backslash +color{red}p +\backslash +color{black}$, domain=0:.55, ylabel near ticks, ytick pos=right, samples=256, + xlabel=$ +\backslash +color{red}V^{-1} +\backslash +color{black}$, xtick pos=top, xlabel near ticks, xmin=0, ymax=200, ymin=0] +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +addplot[red, only marks] table [x=iV, y=p] {boylov.tsv}; +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +addplot[green] (x, {x*(386.934+0.498)}); +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +addplot[green] (x, {x*(386.934-0.498)}); +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +addplot[red] (x, {x*(386.934)}); +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +end{axis} +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +end{tikzpicture} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Caption Standard + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset CommandInset label +LatexCommand label +name "fig:graf-1" + +\end_inset + +Odvisnost tlaka od prostornine. +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset ERT +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +begin{lstlisting} +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +fit (x*p) +\begin_inset Quotes gld +\end_inset + +boylov.tsv" using 4:3 via p +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +end{lstlisting} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +p=386,934\pm0,498 +\] + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsection +Absolutna ničla +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsubsection +Navodilo +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Ugotovi zvezo med tlakom in temperaturo (pri konstantni prostornini) za + zrak v stekleni bučki ter iz meritev določi absolutno ničlo. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsubsection +Potrebščine +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +steklena bučka +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +stojalo s prižemami +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +električna grelna posoda +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +računalniški vmesnik z računalnikom +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +merilnik tlaka +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +merilnik temperature +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +čaša za vodo +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsubsection +Potek dela +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +Preveri, če je v posodi voda do vrha bučke z zrakom (vrat bučke ne sme biti + v vodi!). + Če ni, dolij ustrezno količino vode. + Priključi merilnika za tlak in temperaturo na računalniški vmesnik. + Poženi program LoggerPro. + Ker bomo gledali odvisnost tlaka od temperature, bomo potrebovali samo + en graf, torej raztegni zgornji graf čez spodnjega. + Izberi način zajemanja podatkov (gumb Data Collection) +\begin_inset Quotes gld +\end_inset + +selected events +\begin_inset Quotes grd +\end_inset + + ter izberi količino na navpični osi tlak in količino na vodoravni osi temperatu +ro. + Začneš meritev (gumb Collect) ter shraniš prvo meritev (gumb Keep). + Vklopiš grelec in počakaš, da se temperatura dvigne za približno +\begin_inset Formula $\SI{10}{\degreeCelsius}$ +\end_inset + +. + Nato grelec ugasneš ter počakaš ( +\begin_inset Formula $\SI{5}{\second}$ +\end_inset + + do +\begin_inset Formula $\SI{10}{\second}$ +\end_inset + +), da se temperatura ustali. + Zapišeš novo meritev (gumb Keep). + Postopek iz zadnjega stavka ponavljaš, dokler ni temperatura približno + +\begin_inset Formula $\SI{90}{\degreeCelsius}$ +\end_inset + +. + Takrat meritev zaključiš (gumb Stop). + S programom preveri, kakšna je zveza med tlakom in temperaturo, ter iz + grafa določi absolutno ničlo. +\begin_inset Float figure +placement H +wide false +sideways false +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\align center +\begin_inset ERT +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +begin{tikzpicture} +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +begin{axis}[width=0.75 +\backslash +textwidth, scale only axis, ylabel=$p$, domain=-300:100, ytick pos=left, + samples=256, xlabel=$T$, xtick pos=bottom, xmin=-300, xmax=100] +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +addplot[only marks] table [x=T, y=p] {absolutna.tsv}; +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +% +\backslash +addplot[green] (x, {x*(0.316881+0.007238)}); +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +% +\backslash +addplot[green] (x, {x*(0.620649-0.007238)}); +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +addplot[red] (x, {x*(0.316881)+91.852}); +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +end{axis} +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +end{tikzpicture} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Caption Standard + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset CommandInset label +LatexCommand label +name "fig:graf-1-1" + +\end_inset + +Odvisnost tlaka od temperature. +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset ERT +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +begin{lstlisting} +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +fit (k*(x+n)) +\begin_inset Quotes gld +\end_inset + +absolutna.tsv" using 2:3 via k, n +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +end{lstlisting} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +n=T_{0}=\SI{289,863}{\degreeCelsius}\pm\SI{0,5144}{\degreeCelsius} +\] + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Subsubsection +Komentar +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset Formula $\sigma$ +\end_inset + + je precej majhna, torej so podatki zelo točni, niso pa natančni, od dejanske + absolutne ničle občutno odstopajo. + To pa zato, ker je bilo za dosego večje točnosti izvedenih 655 meritev, + med vsako meritvo pa je pretekla le ena sekunda. + Graf je zato zamaknjen, saj se plin ni v celoti ogrel na temperaturo vode, + termometer pa je bil v vodi, ki se je segrela prej kot plin. + S čakanjem na ustaljenost temperature bi težavo natančnosti za ceno manjše + točnosti odpravili. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Section +Uporabljen program +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset ERT +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +lstinputlisting[language=Python]{boy.py} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_body +\end_document -- cgit v1.2.3