diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | src/core/CMakeLists.txt | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | src/core/hle/kernel/vm_manager.cpp | 245 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | src/core/hle/kernel/vm_manager.h | 200 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | src/core/mem_map.cpp | 55 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | src/core/mem_map.h | 8 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | src/core/memory.cpp | 12 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | src/core/memory_setup.h | 7 |
7 files changed, 491 insertions, 38 deletions
diff --git a/src/core/CMakeLists.txt b/src/core/CMakeLists.txt index 42b4be938..bbc285168 100644 --- a/src/core/CMakeLists.txt +++ b/src/core/CMakeLists.txt @@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ set(SRCS hle/kernel/shared_memory.cpp hle/kernel/thread.cpp hle/kernel/timer.cpp + hle/kernel/vm_manager.cpp hle/service/ac_u.cpp hle/service/act_u.cpp hle/service/am_app.cpp @@ -147,6 +148,7 @@ set(HEADERS hle/kernel/shared_memory.h hle/kernel/thread.h hle/kernel/timer.h + hle/kernel/vm_manager.h hle/result.h hle/service/ac_u.h hle/service/act_u.h diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/vm_manager.cpp b/src/core/hle/kernel/vm_manager.cpp new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b2dd21542 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/vm_manager.cpp @@ -0,0 +1,245 @@ +// Copyright 2015 Citra Emulator Project +// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version +// Refer to the license.txt file included. + +#include "common/assert.h" + +#include "core/hle/kernel/vm_manager.h" +#include "core/memory_setup.h" + +namespace Kernel { + +bool VirtualMemoryArea::CanBeMergedWith(const VirtualMemoryArea& next) const { + ASSERT(base + size == next.base); + if (permissions != next.permissions || + meminfo_state != next.meminfo_state || + type != next.type) { + return false; + } + if (type == VMAType::AllocatedMemoryBlock && + (backing_block != next.backing_block || offset + size != next.offset)) { + return false; + } + if (type == VMAType::BackingMemory && backing_memory + size != next.backing_memory) { + return false; + } + if (type == VMAType::MMIO && paddr + size != next.paddr) { + return false; + } + return true; +} + +VMManager::VMManager() { + Reset(); +} + +void VMManager::Reset() { + vma_map.clear(); + + // Initialize the map with a single free region covering the entire managed space. + VirtualMemoryArea initial_vma; + initial_vma.size = MAX_ADDRESS; + vma_map.emplace(initial_vma.base, initial_vma); + + UpdatePageTableForVMA(initial_vma); +} + +VMManager::VMAHandle VMManager::FindVMA(VAddr target) const { + return std::prev(vma_map.upper_bound(target)); +} + +ResultVal<VMManager::VMAHandle> VMManager::MapMemoryBlock(VAddr target, + std::shared_ptr<std::vector<u8>> block, u32 offset, u32 size, MemoryState state) { + ASSERT(block != nullptr); + ASSERT(offset + size <= block->size()); + + // This is the appropriately sized VMA that will turn into our allocation. + CASCADE_RESULT(VMAIter vma_handle, CarveVMA(target, size)); + VirtualMemoryArea& final_vma = vma_handle->second; + ASSERT(final_vma.size == size); + + final_vma.type = VMAType::AllocatedMemoryBlock; + final_vma.permissions = VMAPermission::ReadWrite; + final_vma.meminfo_state = state; + final_vma.backing_block = block; + final_vma.offset = offset; + UpdatePageTableForVMA(final_vma); + + return MakeResult<VMAHandle>(MergeAdjacent(vma_handle)); +} + +ResultVal<VMManager::VMAHandle> VMManager::MapBackingMemory(VAddr target, u8 * memory, u32 size, MemoryState state) { + ASSERT(memory != nullptr); + + // This is the appropriately sized VMA that will turn into our allocation. + CASCADE_RESULT(VMAIter vma_handle, CarveVMA(target, size)); + VirtualMemoryArea& final_vma = vma_handle->second; + ASSERT(final_vma.size == size); + + final_vma.type = VMAType::BackingMemory; + final_vma.permissions = VMAPermission::ReadWrite; + final_vma.meminfo_state = state; + final_vma.backing_memory = memory; + UpdatePageTableForVMA(final_vma); + + return MakeResult<VMAHandle>(MergeAdjacent(vma_handle)); +} + +ResultVal<VMManager::VMAHandle> VMManager::MapMMIO(VAddr target, PAddr paddr, u32 size, MemoryState state) { + // This is the appropriately sized VMA that will turn into our allocation. + CASCADE_RESULT(VMAIter vma_handle, CarveVMA(target, size)); + VirtualMemoryArea& final_vma = vma_handle->second; + ASSERT(final_vma.size == size); + + final_vma.type = VMAType::MMIO; + final_vma.permissions = VMAPermission::ReadWrite; + final_vma.meminfo_state = state; + final_vma.paddr = paddr; + UpdatePageTableForVMA(final_vma); + + return MakeResult<VMAHandle>(MergeAdjacent(vma_handle)); +} + +void VMManager::Unmap(VMAHandle vma_handle) { + VMAIter iter = StripIterConstness(vma_handle); + + VirtualMemoryArea& vma = iter->second; + vma.type = VMAType::Free; + vma.permissions = VMAPermission::None; + vma.meminfo_state = MemoryState::Free; + + vma.backing_block = nullptr; + vma.offset = 0; + vma.backing_memory = nullptr; + vma.paddr = 0; + + UpdatePageTableForVMA(vma); + + MergeAdjacent(iter); +} + +void VMManager::Reprotect(VMAHandle vma_handle, VMAPermission new_perms) { + VMAIter iter = StripIterConstness(vma_handle); + + VirtualMemoryArea& vma = iter->second; + vma.permissions = new_perms; + UpdatePageTableForVMA(vma); + + MergeAdjacent(iter); +} + +VMManager::VMAIter VMManager::StripIterConstness(const VMAHandle & iter) { + // This uses a neat C++ trick to convert a const_iterator to a regular iterator, given + // non-const access to its container. + return vma_map.erase(iter, iter); // Erases an empty range of elements +} + +ResultVal<VMManager::VMAIter> VMManager::CarveVMA(VAddr base, u32 size) { + ASSERT_MSG((size & Memory::PAGE_MASK) == 0, "non-page aligned size: %8X", size); + ASSERT_MSG((base & Memory::PAGE_MASK) == 0, "non-page aligned base: %08X", base); + + VMAIter vma_handle = StripIterConstness(FindVMA(base)); + if (vma_handle == vma_map.end()) { + // Target address is outside the range managed by the kernel + return ResultCode(ErrorDescription::InvalidAddress, ErrorModule::OS, + ErrorSummary::InvalidArgument, ErrorLevel::Usage); // 0xE0E01BF5 + } + + VirtualMemoryArea& vma = vma_handle->second; + if (vma.type != VMAType::Free) { + // Region is already allocated + return ResultCode(ErrorDescription::InvalidAddress, ErrorModule::OS, + ErrorSummary::InvalidState, ErrorLevel::Usage); // 0xE0A01BF5 + } + + u32 start_in_vma = base - vma.base; + u32 end_in_vma = start_in_vma + size; + + if (end_in_vma > vma.size) { + // Requested allocation doesn't fit inside VMA + return ResultCode(ErrorDescription::InvalidAddress, ErrorModule::OS, + ErrorSummary::InvalidState, ErrorLevel::Usage); // 0xE0A01BF5 + } + + if (end_in_vma != vma.size) { + // Split VMA at the end of the allocated region + SplitVMA(vma_handle, end_in_vma); + } + if (start_in_vma != 0) { + // Split VMA at the start of the allocated region + vma_handle = SplitVMA(vma_handle, start_in_vma); + } + + return MakeResult<VMAIter>(vma_handle); +} + +VMManager::VMAIter VMManager::SplitVMA(VMAIter vma_handle, u32 offset_in_vma) { + VirtualMemoryArea& old_vma = vma_handle->second; + VirtualMemoryArea new_vma = old_vma; // Make a copy of the VMA + + // For now, don't allow no-op VMA splits (trying to split at a boundary) because it's probably + // a bug. This restriction might be removed later. + ASSERT(offset_in_vma < old_vma.size); + ASSERT(offset_in_vma > 0); + + old_vma.size = offset_in_vma; + new_vma.base += offset_in_vma; + new_vma.size -= offset_in_vma; + + switch (new_vma.type) { + case VMAType::Free: + break; + case VMAType::AllocatedMemoryBlock: + new_vma.offset += offset_in_vma; + break; + case VMAType::BackingMemory: + new_vma.backing_memory += offset_in_vma; + break; + case VMAType::MMIO: + new_vma.paddr += offset_in_vma; + break; + } + + ASSERT(old_vma.CanBeMergedWith(new_vma)); + + return vma_map.emplace_hint(std::next(vma_handle), new_vma.base, new_vma); +} + +VMManager::VMAIter VMManager::MergeAdjacent(VMAIter iter) { + VMAIter next_vma = std::next(iter); + if (next_vma != vma_map.end() && iter->second.CanBeMergedWith(next_vma->second)) { + iter->second.size += next_vma->second.size; + vma_map.erase(next_vma); + } + + if (iter != vma_map.begin()) { + VMAIter prev_vma = std::prev(iter); + if (prev_vma->second.CanBeMergedWith(iter->second)) { + prev_vma->second.size += iter->second.size; + vma_map.erase(iter); + iter = prev_vma; + } + } + + return iter; +} + +void VMManager::UpdatePageTableForVMA(const VirtualMemoryArea& vma) { + switch (vma.type) { + case VMAType::Free: + Memory::UnmapRegion(vma.base, vma.size); + break; + case VMAType::AllocatedMemoryBlock: + Memory::MapMemoryRegion(vma.base, vma.size, vma.backing_block->data() + vma.offset); + break; + case VMAType::BackingMemory: + Memory::MapMemoryRegion(vma.base, vma.size, vma.backing_memory); + break; + case VMAType::MMIO: + // TODO(yuriks): Add support for MMIO handlers. + Memory::MapIoRegion(vma.base, vma.size); + break; + } +} + +} diff --git a/src/core/hle/kernel/vm_manager.h b/src/core/hle/kernel/vm_manager.h new file mode 100644 index 000000000..22b724603 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/core/hle/kernel/vm_manager.h @@ -0,0 +1,200 @@ +// Copyright 2015 Citra Emulator Project +// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version +// Refer to the license.txt file included. + +#pragma once + +#include <map> +#include <memory> +#include <string> +#include <vector> + +#include "common/common_types.h" + +#include "core/hle/result.h" + +namespace Kernel { + +enum class VMAType : u8 { + /// VMA represents an unmapped region of the address space. + Free, + /// VMA is backed by a ref-counted allocate memory block. + AllocatedMemoryBlock, + /// VMA is backed by a raw, unmanaged pointer. + BackingMemory, + /// VMA is mapped to MMIO registers at a fixed PAddr. + MMIO, + // TODO(yuriks): Implement MemoryAlias to support MAP/UNMAP +}; + +/// Permissions for mapped memory blocks +enum class VMAPermission : u8 { + None = 0, + Read = 1, + Write = 2, + Execute = 4, + + ReadWrite = Read | Write, + ReadExecute = Read | Execute, + WriteExecute = Write | Execute, + ReadWriteExecute = Read | Write | Execute, +}; + +/// Set of values returned in MemoryInfo.state by svcQueryMemory. +enum class MemoryState : u8 { + Free = 0, + Reserved = 1, + IO = 2, + Static = 3, + Code = 4, + Private = 5, + Shared = 6, + Continuous = 7, + Aliased = 8, + Alias = 9, + AliasCode = 10, + Locked = 11, +}; + +/** + * Represents a VMA in an address space. A VMA is a contiguous region of virtual addressing space + * with homogeneous attributes across its extents. In this particular implementation each VMA is + * also backed by a single host memory allocation. + */ +struct VirtualMemoryArea { + /// Virtual base address of the region. + VAddr base = 0; + /// Size of the region. + u32 size = 0; + + VMAType type = VMAType::Free; + VMAPermission permissions = VMAPermission::None; + /// Tag returned by svcQueryMemory. Not otherwise used. + MemoryState meminfo_state = MemoryState::Free; + + // Settings for type = AllocatedMemoryBlock + /// Memory block backing this VMA. + std::shared_ptr<std::vector<u8>> backing_block = nullptr; + /// Offset into the backing_memory the mapping starts from. + u32 offset = 0; + + // Settings for type = BackingMemory + /// Pointer backing this VMA. It will not be destroyed or freed when the VMA is removed. + u8* backing_memory = nullptr; + + // Settings for type = MMIO + /// Physical address of the register area this VMA maps to. + PAddr paddr = 0; + + /// Tests if this area can be merged to the right with `next`. + bool CanBeMergedWith(const VirtualMemoryArea& next) const; +}; + +/** + * Manages a process' virtual addressing space. This class maintains a list of allocated and free + * regions in the address space, along with their attributes, and allows kernel clients to + * manipulate it, adjusting the page table to match. + * + * This is similar in idea and purpose to the VM manager present in operating system kernels, with + * the main difference being that it doesn't have to support swapping or memory mapping of files. + * The implementation is also simplified by not having to allocate page frames. See these articles + * about the Linux kernel for an explantion of the concept and implementation: + * - http://duartes.org/gustavo/blog/post/how-the-kernel-manages-your-memory/ + * - http://duartes.org/gustavo/blog/post/page-cache-the-affair-between-memory-and-files/ + */ +class VMManager { + // TODO(yuriks): Make page tables switchable to support multiple VMManagers +public: + /** + * The maximum amount of address space managed by the kernel. Addresses above this are never used. + * @note This is the limit used by the New 3DS kernel. Old 3DS used 0x20000000. + */ + static const u32 MAX_ADDRESS = 0x40000000; + + /** + * A map covering the entirety of the managed address space, keyed by the `base` field of each + * VMA. It must always be modified by splitting or merging VMAs, so that the invariant + * `elem.base + elem.size == next.base` is preserved, and mergeable regions must always be + * merged when possible so that no two similar and adjacent regions exist that have not been + * merged. + */ + std::map<VAddr, VirtualMemoryArea> vma_map; + using VMAHandle = decltype(vma_map)::const_iterator; + + VMManager(); + + /// Clears the address space map, re-initializing with a single free area. + void Reset(); + + /// Finds the VMA in which the given address is included in, or `vma_map.end()`. + VMAHandle FindVMA(VAddr target) const; + + // TODO(yuriks): Should these functions actually return the handle? + + /** + * Maps part of a ref-counted block of memory at a given address. + * + * @param target The guest address to start the mapping at. + * @param block The block to be mapped. + * @param offset Offset into `block` to map from. + * @param size Size of the mapping. + * @param state MemoryState tag to attach to the VMA. + */ + ResultVal<VMAHandle> MapMemoryBlock(VAddr target, std::shared_ptr<std::vector<u8>> block, + u32 offset, u32 size, MemoryState state); + + /** + * Maps an unmanaged host memory pointer at a given address. + * + * @param target The guest address to start the mapping at. + * @param memory The memory to be mapped. + * @param size Size of the mapping. + * @param state MemoryState tag to attach to the VMA. + */ + ResultVal<VMAHandle> MapBackingMemory(VAddr target, u8* memory, u32 size, MemoryState state); + + /** + * Maps a memory-mapped IO region at a given address. + * + * @param target The guest address to start the mapping at. + * @param paddr The physical address where the registers are present. + * @param size Size of the mapping. + * @param state MemoryState tag to attach to the VMA. + */ + ResultVal<VMAHandle> MapMMIO(VAddr target, PAddr paddr, u32 size, MemoryState state); + + /// Unmaps the given VMA. + void Unmap(VMAHandle vma); + + /// Changes the permissions of the given VMA. + void Reprotect(VMAHandle vma, VMAPermission new_perms); + +private: + using VMAIter = decltype(vma_map)::iterator; + + /// Converts a VMAHandle to a mutable VMAIter. + VMAIter StripIterConstness(const VMAHandle& iter); + + /** + * Carves a VMA of a specific size at the specified address by splitting Free VMAs while doing + * the appropriate error checking. + */ + ResultVal<VMAIter> CarveVMA(VAddr base, u32 size); + + /** + * Splits a VMA in two, at the specified offset. + * @returns the right side of the split, with the original iterator becoming the left side. + */ + VMAIter SplitVMA(VMAIter vma, u32 offset_in_vma); + + /** + * Checks for and merges the specified VMA with adjacent ones if possible. + * @returns the merged VMA or the original if no merging was possible. + */ + VMAIter MergeAdjacent(VMAIter vma); + + /// Updates the pages corresponding to this VMA so they match the VMA's attributes. + void UpdatePageTableForVMA(const VirtualMemoryArea& vma); +}; + +} diff --git a/src/core/mem_map.cpp b/src/core/mem_map.cpp index 5ecec9566..bf814b945 100644 --- a/src/core/mem_map.cpp +++ b/src/core/mem_map.cpp @@ -8,6 +8,10 @@ #include "common/logging/log.h" #include "core/hle/config_mem.h" +#include "core/hle/kernel/kernel.h" +#include "core/hle/kernel/shared_memory.h" +#include "core/hle/kernel/vm_manager.h" +#include "core/hle/result.h" #include "core/hle/shared_page.h" #include "core/mem_map.h" #include "core/memory.h" @@ -17,31 +21,23 @@ namespace Memory { -u8* g_exefs_code; ///< ExeFS:/.code is loaded here -u8* g_heap; ///< Application heap (main memory) -u8* g_shared_mem; ///< Shared memory -u8* g_heap_linear; ///< Linear heap -u8* g_vram; ///< Video memory (VRAM) pointer -u8* g_dsp_mem; ///< DSP memory -u8* g_tls_mem; ///< TLS memory - namespace { struct MemoryArea { - u8** ptr; u32 base; u32 size; + const char* name; }; // We don't declare the IO regions in here since its handled by other means. static MemoryArea memory_areas[] = { - {&g_exefs_code, PROCESS_IMAGE_VADDR, PROCESS_IMAGE_MAX_SIZE}, - {&g_heap, HEAP_VADDR, HEAP_SIZE }, - {&g_shared_mem, SHARED_MEMORY_VADDR, SHARED_MEMORY_SIZE }, - {&g_heap_linear, LINEAR_HEAP_VADDR, LINEAR_HEAP_SIZE }, - {&g_vram, VRAM_VADDR, VRAM_SIZE }, - {&g_dsp_mem, DSP_RAM_VADDR, DSP_RAM_SIZE }, - {&g_tls_mem, TLS_AREA_VADDR, TLS_AREA_SIZE }, + {PROCESS_IMAGE_VADDR, PROCESS_IMAGE_MAX_SIZE, "Process Image"}, // ExeFS:/.code is loaded here + {HEAP_VADDR, HEAP_SIZE, "Heap"}, // Application heap (main memory) + {SHARED_MEMORY_VADDR, SHARED_MEMORY_SIZE, "Shared Memory"}, // Shared memory + {LINEAR_HEAP_VADDR, LINEAR_HEAP_SIZE, "Linear Heap"}, // Linear heap (main memory) + {VRAM_VADDR, VRAM_SIZE, "VRAM"}, // Video memory (VRAM) + {DSP_RAM_VADDR, DSP_RAM_SIZE, "DSP RAM"}, // DSP memory + {TLS_AREA_VADDR, TLS_AREA_SIZE, "TLS Area"}, // TLS memory }; /// Represents a block of memory mapped by ControlMemory/MapMemoryBlock @@ -135,27 +131,34 @@ VAddr PhysicalToVirtualAddress(const PAddr addr) { return addr | 0x80000000; } +// TODO(yuriks): Move this into Process +static Kernel::VMManager address_space; + void Init() { + using namespace Kernel; + InitMemoryMap(); for (MemoryArea& area : memory_areas) { - *area.ptr = new u8[area.size]; - MapMemoryRegion(area.base, area.size, *area.ptr); + auto block = std::make_shared<std::vector<u8>>(area.size); + address_space.MapMemoryBlock(area.base, std::move(block), 0, area.size, MemoryState::Private).Unwrap(); } - MapMemoryRegion(CONFIG_MEMORY_VADDR, CONFIG_MEMORY_SIZE, (u8*)&ConfigMem::config_mem); - MapMemoryRegion(SHARED_PAGE_VADDR, SHARED_PAGE_SIZE, (u8*)&SharedPage::shared_page); - LOG_DEBUG(HW_Memory, "initialized OK, RAM at %p", g_heap); + auto cfg_mem_vma = address_space.MapBackingMemory(CONFIG_MEMORY_VADDR, + (u8*)&ConfigMem::config_mem, CONFIG_MEMORY_SIZE, MemoryState::Shared).MoveFrom(); + address_space.Reprotect(cfg_mem_vma, VMAPermission::Read); + + auto shared_page_vma = address_space.MapBackingMemory(SHARED_PAGE_VADDR, + (u8*)&SharedPage::shared_page, SHARED_PAGE_SIZE, MemoryState::Shared).MoveFrom(); + address_space.Reprotect(shared_page_vma, VMAPermission::Read); + + LOG_DEBUG(HW_Memory, "initialized OK"); } void Shutdown() { heap_map.clear(); heap_linear_map.clear(); - - for (MemoryArea& area : memory_areas) { - delete[] *area.ptr; - *area.ptr = nullptr; - } + address_space.Reset(); LOG_DEBUG(HW_Memory, "shutdown OK"); } diff --git a/src/core/mem_map.h b/src/core/mem_map.h index 945815cd6..ba50914a8 100644 --- a/src/core/mem_map.h +++ b/src/core/mem_map.h @@ -8,14 +8,6 @@ namespace Memory { -extern u8* g_exefs_code; ///< ExeFS:/.code is loaded here -extern u8* g_heap; ///< Application heap (main memory) -extern u8* g_shared_mem; ///< Shared memory -extern u8* g_heap_linear; ///< Linear heap (main memory) -extern u8* g_vram; ///< Video memory (VRAM) -extern u8* g_dsp_mem; ///< DSP memory -extern u8* g_tls_mem; ///< TLS memory - void Init(); void Shutdown(); diff --git a/src/core/memory.cpp b/src/core/memory.cpp index 5d8069acd..28844a915 100644 --- a/src/core/memory.cpp +++ b/src/core/memory.cpp @@ -14,12 +14,10 @@ #include "core/hw/hw.h" #include "core/mem_map.h" #include "core/memory.h" +#include "core/memory_setup.h" namespace Memory { -const u32 PAGE_MASK = PAGE_SIZE - 1; -const int PAGE_BITS = 12; - enum class PageType { /// Page is unmapped and should cause an access error. Unmapped, @@ -64,7 +62,7 @@ static void MapPages(u32 base, u32 size, u8* memory, PageType type) { while (base != end) { ASSERT_MSG(base < PageTable::NUM_ENTRIES, "out of range mapping at %08X", base); - if (current_page_table->attributes[base] != PageType::Unmapped) { + if (current_page_table->attributes[base] != PageType::Unmapped && type != PageType::Unmapped) { LOG_ERROR(HW_Memory, "overlapping memory ranges at %08X", base * PAGE_SIZE); } current_page_table->attributes[base] = type; @@ -92,6 +90,12 @@ void MapIoRegion(VAddr base, u32 size) { MapPages(base / PAGE_SIZE, size / PAGE_SIZE, nullptr, PageType::Special); } +void UnmapRegion(VAddr base, u32 size) { + ASSERT_MSG((size & PAGE_MASK) == 0, "non-page aligned size: %08X", size); + ASSERT_MSG((base & PAGE_MASK) == 0, "non-page aligned base: %08X", base); + MapPages(base / PAGE_SIZE, size / PAGE_SIZE, nullptr, PageType::Unmapped); +} + template <typename T> T Read(const VAddr vaddr) { const u8* page_pointer = current_page_table->pointers[vaddr >> PAGE_BITS]; diff --git a/src/core/memory_setup.h b/src/core/memory_setup.h index 46263495f..361bfc816 100644 --- a/src/core/memory_setup.h +++ b/src/core/memory_setup.h @@ -6,8 +6,13 @@ #include "common/common_types.h" +#include "core/memory.h" + namespace Memory { +const u32 PAGE_MASK = PAGE_SIZE - 1; +const int PAGE_BITS = 12; + void InitMemoryMap(); /** @@ -26,4 +31,6 @@ void MapMemoryRegion(VAddr base, u32 size, u8* target); */ void MapIoRegion(VAddr base, u32 size); +void UnmapRegion(VAddr base, u32 size); + } |