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diff --git a/fiz/vaje/7/dokument.lyx b/fiz/vaje/7/dokument.lyx new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dd5ad33 --- /dev/null +++ b/fiz/vaje/7/dokument.lyx @@ -0,0 +1,1136 @@ +#LyX 2.3 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/ +\lyxformat 544 +\begin_document +\begin_header +\save_transient_properties true +\origin unavailable +\textclass article +\begin_preamble +\usepackage{siunitx} +\usepackage{pgfplots} +\usepackage{listings} +\usepackage{multicol} +\sisetup{output-decimal-marker = {,}, quotient-mode=fraction, output-exponent-marker=\ensuremath{\mathrm{3}}} +\end_preamble +\use_default_options true +\maintain_unincluded_children false +\language slovene +\language_package default +\inputencoding auto +\fontencoding global +\font_roman "default" "default" +\font_sans "default" "default" +\font_typewriter "default" "default" +\font_math "auto" "auto" +\font_default_family default +\use_non_tex_fonts false +\font_sc false +\font_osf false +\font_sf_scale 100 100 +\font_tt_scale 100 100 +\use_microtype false +\use_dash_ligatures true +\graphics default +\default_output_format default +\output_sync 0 +\bibtex_command default +\index_command default +\paperfontsize default +\spacing single +\use_hyperref false +\papersize default +\use_geometry true +\use_package amsmath 1 +\use_package amssymb 1 +\use_package cancel 1 +\use_package esint 1 +\use_package mathdots 1 +\use_package mathtools 1 +\use_package mhchem 1 +\use_package stackrel 1 +\use_package stmaryrd 1 +\use_package undertilde 1 +\cite_engine basic +\cite_engine_type default +\biblio_style plain +\use_bibtopic false +\use_indices false +\paperorientation portrait +\suppress_date false +\justification false +\use_refstyle 1 +\use_minted 0 +\index Index +\shortcut idx +\color #008000 +\end_index +\leftmargin 1cm +\topmargin 2cm +\rightmargin 1cm +\bottommargin 2cm +\headheight 1cm +\headsep 1cm +\footskip 1cm +\secnumdepth 3 +\tocdepth 3 +\paragraph_separation indent +\paragraph_indentation default +\is_math_indent 0 +\math_numbering_side default +\quotes_style german +\dynamic_quotes 0 +\papercolumns 1 +\papersides 1 +\paperpagestyle default +\tracking_changes false +\output_changes false +\html_math_output 0 +\html_css_as_file 0 +\html_be_strict false +\end_header + +\begin_body + +\begin_layout Title +Stoječe valovanje na vrvi +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Author + +\noun on +Anton Luka Šijanec +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Date +25. + januar 2023 +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Abstract +Poročilo sedme vaje pri predmetu +\noun on +F41 +\noun default + na Gimnaziji Bežigrad v 4. + letniku. + Vaja je potekala 8. + decembra 2022. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset CommandInset toc +LatexCommand tableofcontents + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Section +Naloga +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +S stoječim valovanjem ugotovi, kako je hitrost valovanja na vrvi odvisna + od sile, ki napenja vrv. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Section +Potrebščine +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +brnač +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +ŠMI +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +vezna žica (2) +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +prižema s škripcem +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +vrvica (2) +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Itemize +uteži po +\begin_inset Formula $\SI{10}{\gram}$ +\end_inset + + (6) +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Section +Potek dela +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +En konec debelejše vrvice pritrdi na brnač, ki vzbuja na vrvici nihanje + s stalno frekvenco +\begin_inset Formula $\SI{50}{\hertz}$ +\end_inset + +. + Brnač priključiš na ŠMI na izmenično napetost +\begin_inset Formula $\SI{2}{\volt}$ +\end_inset + +. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Drugi konec vrvice napelji preko škripca in obesi nanjo kaveljček za uteži + in eno utež (skupna masa +\begin_inset Formula $\SI{20}{\gram}$ +\end_inset + +). +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Ko vključiš ŠMI, da brnač zaniha, počasi spreminjaj dolžino vrvice med brnačem + in škripcem tako, da dobiš na vrvici lepo stoječe valovanje. + Določi valovno dolžino tega stoječega valovanja. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Postopoma dodajaj uteži na kaveljček, vsakič poišči ustrezne stoječe valovanje + te določi valovno dolžino. + Vse meritve zapisuj v ustrezno tabelo. +\begin_inset ERT +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +begin{multicols}{2} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Float table +placement H +wide false +sideways false +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\align center +\begin_inset Tabular +<lyxtabular version="3" rows="11" columns="2"> +<features tabularvalignment="middle"> +<column alignment="center" valignment="top"> +<column alignment="center" valignment="top"> +<row> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\frac{\lambda}{2}\left[\si{\meter}\right]$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $m\left[\si{\gram}\right]$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,14 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +9,5 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,245 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +29,5 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,28 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +39,5 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,32 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +49,5 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,34 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +59,5 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,37 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +69,5 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,4 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +79,5 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,42 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +89,5 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,435 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +99,5 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,47 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +109,5 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +</row> +</lyxtabular> + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Caption Standard + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Meritve debele vrvice +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Float table +placement H +wide false +sideways false +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\align center +\begin_inset Tabular +<lyxtabular version="3" rows="12" columns="2"> +<features tabularvalignment="middle"> +<column alignment="center" valignment="top"> +<column alignment="center" valignment="top"> +<row> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $\frac{\lambda}{2}\left[\si{\meter}\right]$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Formula $m\left[\si{\gram}\right]$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,33 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +9,5 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,475 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +19,5 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,59 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +29,5 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,7 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +39,5 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,77 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +49,5 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,85 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +59,5 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,92 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +69,5 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +0,97 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +79,5 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +1,04 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +89,5 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +1,09 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +99,5 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +</row> +<row> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +1,16 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> +\begin_inset Text + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +109,5 +\end_layout + +\end_inset +</cell> +</row> +</lyxtabular> + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Caption Standard + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +Meritve tanke vrvice +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset ERT +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +end{multicols} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +\begin_inset CommandInset label +LatexCommand label +name "enu:Tabelo-dopolni-tako," + +\end_inset + +Tabelo dopolni tako, da bo iz nje razvidno, kako se hitrost valovanja na + vrvi spreminja s silo, ki napenja vrvico. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +Nariši graf, ki kaže odvisnost iz točke +\begin_inset CommandInset ref +LatexCommand ref +reference "enu:Tabelo-dopolni-tako," +plural "false" +caps "false" +noprefix "false" + +\end_inset + +, ter z besedami in/ali z enačbo povej, za kakšno odvisnost gre. + Svojo trditev tudi preveri z dodatnim grafom ali računsko. +\begin_inset Float figure +placement H +wide false +sideways false +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\align center +\begin_inset ERT +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +begin{tikzpicture} +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +begin{axis}[width=0.75 +\backslash +textwidth, scale only axis, ylabel=$ +\backslash +lambda$, domain=0.09:1.09, ytick pos=left, samples=256, xlabel=$T$, xtick + pos=bottom, xmin=0, ymax=3, ymin=0] +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +addplot[only marks] table [x=sila, y=lambda, col sep=comma] {debela.csv}; +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +addlegendentry{debela} +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +addplot[blue] (x, {sqrt(x)*0.899222}); +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +addlegendentry{} +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +addplot[red, only marks] table [x=sila, y=lambda, col sep=comma] {tanka.csv}; +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +addlegendentry{tanka} +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +addplot[blue] (x, {sqrt(x)*2.21708}); +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +addlegendentry{} +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +end{axis} +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +% +\backslash +begin{axis}[width=0.75 +\backslash +textwidth, scale only axis, ylabel=$ +\backslash +color{red}p +\backslash +color{black}$, domain=0:.55, ylabel near ticks, ytick pos=right, samples=256, + xlabel=$ +\backslash +color{red}V^{-1} +\backslash +color{black}$, xtick pos=top, xlabel near ticks, xmin=0, ymax=200, ymin=0] +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +% +\backslash +addplot[red, only marks] table [sep=comma, x=iV, y=p] {boylov.csv}; +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +% +\backslash +addplot[green] (x, {x*(386.934+0.498)}); +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +% +\backslash +addplot[green] (x, {x*(386.934-0.498)}); +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +% +\backslash +addplot[red] (x, {x*(386.934)}); +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +% +\backslash +end{axis} +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +end{tikzpicture} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset Caption Standard + +\begin_layout Plain Layout +\begin_inset CommandInset label +LatexCommand label +name "fig:graf-1" + +\end_inset + +Odvisnost valovne dolžine od sile, s katero je vrvica napeta. +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset ERT +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +begin{lstlisting} +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +set datafile separator ',' +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + +fit (x*p+c) +\begin_inset Quotes gld +\end_inset + +debela.csv" using 4:5 via p, c +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +end{lstlisting} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset Formula +\[ +f=\frac{v=\sqrt{\frac{T}{m/L}}}{2L}=\sqrt{\frac{T}{L^{2}4m/L}}=\sqrt{\frac{T}{4mL}}\to f^{2}=\frac{T}{4mL}\to4mlf^{2}=T\to f\sqrt{4mL}=\sqrt{T} +\] + +\end_inset + + +\begin_inset CommandInset citation +LatexCommand cite +key "hpstrings" +literal "true" + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_deeper +\begin_layout Enumerate +\begin_inset Formula $f$ +\end_inset + + je frekvenca nihanja +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +\begin_inset Formula $v$ +\end_inset + + je hitrost potujočega valovanja po vrvi +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +\begin_inset Formula $m$ +\end_inset + + je masa vrvice dolžine +\begin_inset Formula $L$ +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +\begin_inset Formula $T$ +\end_inset + + je sila, s katero je vrvica napeta +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Enumerate +\begin_inset Formula $L$ +\end_inset + + je dolžina vrvice +\end_layout + +\end_deeper +\begin_layout Enumerate +Če imaš čas, ponovi cel postopek še s tanjšo vrvico. + Odvisnost iz točke +\begin_inset CommandInset ref +LatexCommand ref +reference "enu:Tabelo-dopolni-tako," +plural "false" +caps "false" +noprefix "false" + +\end_inset + + nariši v isti koordinatni sistem kot za debelejšo vrvico ter komentiraj + rezultat. +\begin_inset Newline newline +\end_inset + +Valovna dolžina tanjše vrvi je za faktor +\begin_inset Formula $ž$ +\end_inset + + večja od debelejše vrvi. + V idealnem primeru bi na to vplivala njena dolžinska gostota, saj drži + +\begin_inset Formula $m\propto f$ +\end_inset + +. +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset CommandInset bibtex +LatexCommand bibtex +btprint "btPrintCited" +bibfiles "/root/projects/sola-gimb-4/citati" +options "bibtotoc,plain" + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Section +Uporabljen program +\end_layout + +\begin_layout Standard +\begin_inset ERT +status open + +\begin_layout Plain Layout + + +\backslash +lstinputlisting[language=Python]{tab.py} +\end_layout + +\end_inset + + +\end_layout + +\end_body +\end_document |